什么是宾语从句，宾语从句详细解析及精选练习题

一、连接词

宾语从句的连接词分为三类：

1. 引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。

2. 引导一般疑问句用if或whether。

注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。

3. 引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。

一Excuse me，could you tell me__________?

—There’s a bank on the second floor．You can make it there．[黄冈市]

A. where I can change money B. how I can get to the bank

C. if there’s a bank near here D. where the bank is

[答案]A．[解析]考查宾语从句的连词用法。根据上下问可知应选A。

二、语序

在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。

1．—Do you know _______now?

一In the People’s Hotel．[北京市]

A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work

C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked

[答案]C．[解析]考查宾语从句要用陈述句语序。宾语从句要注意两点：①从句用陈述句语序；②前后时态要一致。故排除A、B，D时态不对，故选C。

三、时态

1. 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。

2. 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。

3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。

4. 情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。

Excuse me, could you tell me when __the new Olympic Center?

A. are we visited B. will we visit C. we are visited D. we will visit

[答案]D。 [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。从句要用陈述句语序，而且时态要与主句一致。从句意看本句不能用被动语态，故排除A、c。本题考查的是以when引导的宾语从句。B没用陈述句语序，故排除，此处could只表委婉的语气，并不表过去。

—Could you tell me whom the radio _________by?

一Sorry，I have no idea．[福州市]

A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented

[答案]D。[解析]考查宾语从句的时态和语态的用法。从句中的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，这时应使用被动语态，这样A、B两项可以排除。我们还应考虑到，收音机的“发明”一定是过去的事情，所以该句的时态应是一般过去时，谓语的构成为“was／were+动词的过去分词”。

I didn’t understand __________, so I raised my hand to ask..

A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say

C. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say

答案为C。本题为宾语从句，由于需要用陈述语序可排除B、D；另外，主句时态为一般过去时，则从句也要用对应的过去时态，故还可排除A。

四、简化

宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it +形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。

I don’t know what I should do with the letter. （改为简单句）（年山东烟台）

I don’t know what _____ _____ with the letter.

答案与解析：答案为to do。当主句谓语动词是know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词／副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词／副词+不定式（短语）”结构，故空白处填to do。

宾语从句汇编练习：

I. 句型转换

1. “I can help repair the bike.” said Jerry. (改为宾语从句)

Jerry said ____ he ____ help repair the bike.

2.“Do you have a meeting to attend tomorrow?” I asked Jack. (改为宾语从句)

I asked Jack ____ he ____ a meeting to attend the next day.

3. “We will go for a picnic this weekend,” Tim said to us. (改为宾语从句)

Tim told us that _____ ____ go for a picnic that weekend.

4. “Do you often stay up late, Linda?” The teacher asked. (改为宾语从句)

The teacher asked Linda ____ she often _____ up late.

5. “Will they come to attend the meeting?” asked the boss. (改为宾语从句)

The boss asked _____ they _____ come to the meeting.

6. I haven’t decided which ferry I shall take to Hong Kong Island. (改为简单句)

I haven’t decided which ferry____ _____ to Hong Kong Island.

7. Detective Ken didn’t know how he could deal with this case. (改为简单句)

Detective Ken didn’t know______ _____ deal with this case.

8. Can you tell me when I should water the flowers? (改为简单句)

Can you tell me______ _____ water the flowers?

9. Tom wondered if he should go or stay at that time. (改为宾语从句)

Tom wondered______ _____ go or stay at that time.

10. The boy asked his mother, “Does water freeze at 0℃?” (改为宾语从句)

The boys asked his mother water at 0℃!.

11. Jack’s mother asked him, “Have you packed your things?” (改为宾语从句)

Jack’s mother asked him he packed his things.

12. Martin asked the man, “Are you Mr. Smith?” (改为宾语从句)

Martin asked the man he Mr. Smith.

13. “What did Father Christmas put in your stocking, Alice?” Mary asked. (改为宾语从句)

Mary asked Alice what Father Christmas put in stocking.

14. Is the watch made in Shanghai? I don’t know. (改为宾语从句)

I don’t know the watch made in Shanghai or not.

II. 真题训练：

1. Does her aunt live in Canada? I am not sure. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)（普陀）

I am not sure her aunt in Canda.

2. Could you please tell me _________?（奉贤）

A) how can I get to the supermarket B) how could I get to the supermarket

C)how I can get to the supermarket D) how I could get to the supermarket

3. “What have you learned in the university?” The manager asked Tom. (改为宾语从句)（松江）

The manager asked Tom what he learned in the university.

4. “Have you ever been in in a maglev train?” Our science teacher asked us.(合并成一句)（长宁）

Our science teacher asked us________we ________ever been in a maglev train.

5. We haven’t decided _______ we will hang the new painting.（虹口）

A) what B) where C) which D) why

6. Tony asked his mom.” How will we spend the Spring Festival?” (改为宾语从句)

Tony asked his mom how________ _________ spend the Spring Festival

7.Could you please tell me ?（嘉定）

A)how long she has gone to Hong Kong B)how long she has been in Hong Kong

C)how long has she been in Hong Kong D)how long she has been to Hong Kong

8. “ Have you ever ridden a shared-bike?” Linda asked her mom.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）（浦东）

Linda asked her mom ______ she _____ ever ridden a shared-bike.

9. He didn’t tell us______.(宝山)

A. if he will give us a lecture

B. whether he would go with you

C. when would he start

D. when he will arrive

10. Our monitor told us, “We will move to a new campus (校园) next year.” (改为宾语从句)(青浦)

Our monitor told us that we _____ ______ to a new campus the next year.

11. “What did you do to the poor dog?” the lady asked her son. （改为宾语从句）(黄浦)

The lady asked her son what he ______ ______ to the poor dog.

12. Tim’s friend asked him. “ Will you apply for a position at IBM Company?”(合并成宾语从句)(崇明)

Tim’s friend asked him _____ he ______ apply for a position at IBM Company.

13. Did Maggie fly to New York alone ? He wonders. ( 改为宾语从句)(闵行)

He wonders______Maggie______to New York alone.

2018二模

1. We wondered if Judy_______ to Australia next week for business. （普陀）

A. flies B. have flown C. has flown D. would fly

2. I’m planning a trip to the beach tomorrow, but still can’t decide____________. （奉贤）

A) where I’m going B)how I’m going to get there

C) why I am planning it D)when I’m planning it

3. Can you tell me ______ I can search for information on the Internet?（松江）

A. what B. how C. when D. where

4. What does Alice send to ms Jones on her birthday every year? Could you tell me?(合并成一句)（长宁）

Could you tell me_____Alice______to Ms Jones on her birthday every year?

5.He said that he _______ to teach kids in the orphanage(孤儿院) after he graduated from school.（徐汇）

A.will volunteer B.would volunteer C.has volunteered D.is volunteering

6. “Are you going to celebrate the opening of the shop?” the secretary asked.(改为宾语从句)（嘉定）

The secretary asked ________ they _______ going to celebrate the opening of the shop.

7. A: Do you know _______we will know the results of the exam?（宝山）

B: In two weeks, I suppose

A) how much B) how far C) how soon D) how long

8. The road sign shows us_________________.（青浦）

A. how can we get to the International Meeting Center

B. which road leads to the International Meeting Center

C. where is the International Meeting Center

D. what can we do in the International Meeting Center

9.“Can I pay for the e-book by credit card?” Jane asked the shop assistant.(改为宾语从句）（黄浦）

Jane asked the shop assistant whether______ ______ pay for thee-book by credit card.

10. “ What will you do after leaving secondary school ? ” asked my parents. (合并成宾语从句)（崇明）

My parents asked ______ I ______ do after leaving secondary school.

11.I asked the teacher, “Can I ask for leave this afternoon?”（合并为一句）（静安）

I asked the teacher_____ I_____ ask for leave this afternoon.

12. Mum asked,”Why are you wearing Linda’s clothes?”(改为宾语从句)（杨浦）

Mum asked me why ____ ______ wearing Linda’s clothes.

13. ‘How can I improve my English?’The boy asked the teacher. (改为宾语从句)（闵行）

The boy asked the teacher_______he_______improve his English .